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Two Story ADUs in San Diego: A Complete Guide

Oct 5, 2023 | 1 comment

The two story ADU trend is reshaping the landscape of Southern California neighborhoods, drawing keen interest from both homeowners and renters. These 2 story ADU designs offer an innovative solution to maximize living space without sacrificing precious outdoor areas. This guide dives into the burgeoning popularity of two story ADUs, stacked ADUs, and above garage ADUs, providing all the essential details to help you determine if they align with your housing goals.

Can an ADU be two stories?

In short, yes, an accessory dwelling unit can be two stories in many municipalities in greater San Diego. Many cities – including San Diego, Oceanside, Chula Vista, Encinitas, Escondido – allow ADUs to be two stories within their own municipal code. Some cities allow you to take advantage of reduced side and rear setbacks, while others will require a 2 story ADU stay consistent with the underlying zoning. Also note that some cities have specified height limits for ADUs over garages. Height regulations vary by city, which we have summarized for you in our individual city ADU regulations pages.

Additionally, California state law – specifically SB 897 – effectively allows for a two story ADU in some cases. This is because a local agency can set size limits for ADUs, but must adhere to the following state-defined rules. The maximum size limit for an ADU cannot be less than 850 square feet for a single-bedroom unit, and 1,000 square feet for an ADU with more than one bedroom, with 4′ side and rear setbacks. Specifically regarding height limitations:

  • Detached ADUs on lots with single or multifamily units must be allowed up to 16 feet in height.
  • Detached ADUs within half a mile of major transit stops or high-quality transit corridors can be 18 feet tall. An additional 2 feet can be added if the ADU’s roof pitch matches the primary dwelling.
  • Detached ADUs on lots with multifamily, multi-story dwellings can be 18 feet tall.
  • Attached ADUs can be up to 25 feet tall or the height limitation of the primary dwelling, whichever is lower.

Can you build a two story ADU under 20′?

Yes, you can build a two story ADU under 20 feet. However, the height and overall design will be influenced by factors such as local building codes, the design’s functional considerations, and the intended use of each floor. Often, 2 story ADUs under 20 feet would have compact floor-to-ceiling heights  (8′) and minimal clearance for roof structures (think flat roofs). For reference, our 2nd floor plate is 19′ from finished slab, with the slab set 8″ above grade and 9′ ceilings.

It’s also important to watch for the specific interpretation of how height is measured. Some cities count from the grade to the peak of the roof, others from the top of the foundation to the roof plate, among other interpretations. Always consult local regulations and work with a design professional to ensure compliance and practicality.

Example Two Story ADU exterior that conforms to a 20′ height limit

Snap ADU Modern Two Story Under 700 Sqft 20 Ft Height Flat Roof

What types of two story guest houses are there?

When it comes to expanding your living space vertically, two story accessory dwelling units (ADUs), guest houses, or casitas offer a range of configurations to suit diverse needs and property layouts. Here’s a closer look at the three primary types of 2 story ADUs and how they can transform your property:

ADU Over Garage (Carriage House)

Evoking the charm of historic carriage houses, modern ADUs built above garages blend functionality with style. These structures typically feature a garage on the ground level with a fully independent living space above. The design can include either an external staircase for a distinct entrance or an internal one to connect both levels seamlessly. This type of ADU is ideal for homeowners looking to maximize their property’s footprint without sacrificing parking space. A two-car garage base can comfortably support a cozy one-bedroom apartment overhead, making it a perfect rental opportunity or private retreat. Read more about what to consider for an ADU over garage.

Traditional Two Story ADU

Mirroring the classic design of a two-story home, this ADU style offers a continuous living experience with both floors dedicated to a single residence. Connected internally by a staircase, the layout allows for a separation of living spaces—common areas on the ground floor and private quarters above. A 2 story ADU configuration is well-suited for families or individuals seeking a spacious environment that feels like a standalone home while still being part of a larger property.

Stacked ADUs

Stacked ADUs take a modular approach by creating two distinct residences, one on each floor, without an internal connection. Access to the upper unit is typically provided by an external staircase, ensuring privacy for both levels. This setup is ideal for property owners aiming to maximize rental income or accommodate multiple households while maintaining separate living spaces. Read more about stacked ADUs.

While the architectural possibilities are vast, state and local ADU laws and building codes will ultimately guide what you can build. Partnering with a knowledgeable contractor who can conduct a thorough feasibility study is crucial. This study will assess potential challenges and ensure that your vision aligns with legal and practical realities. It’s a proactive step to identify any potential issues, from property line setbacks to height restrictions, before they become costly obstacles during construction.

How tall can your ADU be in San Diego?

Local regulations will dictate the height of your 2 story ADU. We have put together a summary of the height limits and two story regulations across Greater San Diego in the table below.

Also note that in some situations, state law allows up to 18′ or 20′, so a two story may be possible in these scenarios:

  • Property is within 1/2 mile of public transit
  • Lot is multifamily with existing 2+ story dwelling

It’s also important to watch for the specific interpretation of how height is measured. Some cities count from the grade to the peak of the roof, others from the top of the foundation to the roof plate… and many other interpretations. We check this during Feasibility to make sure you are covered on height.

TABLE: ADU Height Regulations by City for San Diego County for Two Story ADUs

JURISDICTION

ADU OVER
GARAGE

TWO STORY
ADU

STACKED
ADU

 Carlsbad

 Yes, with underlying setbacks.  Yes, up to 20′ tall if within 1/2 mile of transit, or if attached to main home.  No, except for state rule for 18’+2′ within 1/2 mile of transit.

 Chula Vista

 Yes, so long as it does not exceed the height limit for the primary residence in accordance with the underlying zone.  Yes, so long as it does not exceed the height limit for the primary residence in accordance with the underlying zone.  It is currently undetermined if two detached ADUs can be attached to each other; this will be subject to city interpretation.

 County of San Diego

 Yes, limited to twenty four feet in height.  Yes, limited to twenty four feet in height.  No, except for state rule for 18’+2′ within 1/2 mile of transit.

 Del Mar

 No, except for state rule for 18’+2′ within 1/2 mile of transit.  Yes, if attached to main home.  No, except for state rule for 18’+2′ within 1/2 mile of transit.

 El Cajon

Yes, so long as it does not exceed the height limit for the zone.  Yes, so long as it does not exceed the height limit for the zone.  Yes, so long as it does not exceed the height limit for the zone.

 Encinitas

 Yes, so long as it does not exceed the height limit for the primary residence in accordance with the underlying zone.  Yes, so long as it does not exceed the height limit for the primary residence in accordance with the underlying zone.  Yes, so long as it does not exceed the height limit for the zone.

 Escondido

 Yes, if conforming to the height limits of the zone.  Yes, if conforming to the height limits of the zone.  It is currently undetermined if two detached ADUs can be attached to each other; this will be subject to city interpretation.

 Imperial Beach

 Yes, if conforming to the height limits of the zone.  No, except for state rule for 18’+2′ within 1/2 mile of transit.  Yes, so long as the units conform to the height limits for the zone.

 La Mesa

 Yes, if ADU meets required setbacks for underlying zone.  Yes, if ADU meets required setbacks for underlying zone.  It is currently undetermined if two detached ADUs can be attached to each other; this will be subject to city interpretation.

 National City

 Yes, if ADU meets required setbacks for underlying zone.  Yes, if ADU meets required setbacks for underlying zone.  It is currently undetermined if two detached ADUs can be attached to each other; this will be subject to city interpretation.

 Oceanside

 Yes, if ADU meets required setbacks for underlying zone.  Yes, if ADU meets required setbacks for underlying zone.  No, unless the ADUs meet the required setbacks for the SFR, in which case the height may be allowed to match the existing residence.

 Poway

Yes, only if ADU meets required setbacks for underlying zone and is no taller than the SFR.  Yes, only if ADU meets required setbacks for underlying zone and is no taller than the SFR.  It is currently undetermined if two detached ADUs can be attached to each other; this will be subject to city interpretation.

 San Diego

 Yes, up to 21′ for flat-roofed structures and up to 30′ for sloped-roof structures, and consistent with setbacks for underlying zone.  Yes, up to the height maximums for the underlying zone at a setback of 4′.  Yes, only if ADU meets required setbacks for the underlying zone.

 San Marcos

 Yes, if ADU meets required setbacks for the underlying zone.  No, except for state rule for 18’+2′ within 1/2 mile of transit.  No

 Solana Beach

 No, except for state rule for 18’+2′ within 1/2 mile of transit.  No, except for state rule for 18’+2′ within 1/2 mile of transit.  No

 Vista

 Yes, if ADU meets required setbacks for the underlying zone.  A 2nd story may be approved, provided it is determined the structure is not out of character with the neighborhood and existing primary structure.  No

Source: SnapADU & local regulations

Can you build an ADU over a garage?

Yes, many jurisdictions will allow you to build an ADU over a garage as a two story ADU. Also known as a carriage house, using an ADU over garage design is a popular option to save space. Read more about what it takes to build an ADU over a garage.

In above garage ADUs, you have the option of either adding an ADU on top of your existing garage, or building an entirely new building with an ADU above and garage underneath. Adding an ADU above an existing garage is often more difficult to budget for, as the existing condition of your house will impact the build price. For example, the existing structure may need to be reinforced to support the ADU addition. Read more about detached ADU garage conversion vs demo to start from scratch.

Snap ADU Two Story Farmhouse White Siding Black Windows ADU Over Garage 1BR1BA

How much does it cost to build a 2 story ADU?

A two story ADU will vary in price, due to the complexity of the build. Additional materials and structural components are necessary, so the vertical build price will be anywhere between $300-350/sqft depending on finishes. See pricing for building our two story ADU plans.

Two story units require reinforced foundations, staircases, and additional labor & materials to reach and complete the upper levels. This is for items like scaffolding for stucco & siding work, and carrying equipment up a flight of stairs. Additionally, two story units may require larger air handling units. If you are building two stacked units, you will also need fire blocking between the units. Read more about fire separation requirements.

Many contractors charge based on square footage when constructing an ADU, so it is important to research the ADU costs and pricing breakdown surrounding your entire design & build process. Or if you are thinking about a prefab two story ADU, be sure to check the all-in costs.

Type Size Vertical Build Cost Cost per sqft Typical All-In Cost Cost per sqft View Example Plans & Prices
2BR/2BA 999 sqft $350K $350 $415K $415 2 story plans <1000 sqft
4BR/2BA 1200 sqft $375K $312 $445K $385 2 story plans >1000 sqft

Source: Snap ADU (updated June 2024)

What does a 2 story ADU floorplan look like?

Like any other ADU, a two story floorplan can vary quite a bit. There are a number of examples on our two story ADU floorplan page, which can give you a better idea of the various designs available to you, or we can create a custom floorplan. As mentioned above, only your budget and imagination limit your ADU design. However, it is important to be aware of the various considerations regarding your location, as well as fire-related requirements that will affect placement. For instance, external staircases must be not closer than 5′ from a property line.

Getting started with a two story ADU

Embarking on a two-story ADU project can be an exciting yet complex endeavor. From design considerations to navigating local regulations, there is a lot to think about. We’d be happy to talk more about your two story ADU project in depth. Fill out a Project Assessment to get started.

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Since 2020, we’ve focused exclusively on designing, permitting, and building over 100 ADUs in San Diego. Our deep experience means we catch what others might miss, and our in-house team ensures every promise is delivered.

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